FSU offers undergraduate, graduate, advanced graduate, and professional programs of study; conducts extensive research; and provides service to the public in accord with its statewide mission. The University serves as a center for advanced graduate and professional studies while emphasizing research and providing excellence in undergraduate programs. In accordance with this mission, faculty members have been selected for their commitment to excellence in teaching, their ability in research and creative activity, and their interest in public service. Faculty in the Department of Biological Science seek to provide students excellent scholarship and training in the diverse field of biological sciences, while continuing to build and expand an already strong, and internationally recognized, program of research. Faculty in this department are recognized nationally as well as at FSU for their commitment to teaching, research, and service.

L. G. Abele Professor, Academic Vice President, and Provost of the University. Received his Ph.D. from the Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami in 1972. His interests are in systematics, biogeography, and ecology focusing on crustaceans. This research has involved light and electron microscopy as well as molecular approaches. Recent work has explored molecular systematics of crustaceans by means of nuclear and mitochondrial nucleotide sequencing.

P. Beerli Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. in 1993 from the University of Zurich, Switzerland. His research interests include all aspects of evolutionary genetics/genomics, with particular interest in analyses that involve single species or groups of closely related species and their distribution in space and time. He is developing new approaches for the inference of parameters relevant to understanding of current and past migration patterns and range expansions and plans to develop further methods that use data such as large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms and that allow incorporation of additional population genetics forces such as selection and species divergences.

H. W. Bass Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. from North Carolina State University in 1992 and did postdoctoral work at the University of California, Berkeley. His research involves the use of 3-D fluorescence and cytogenetic methods to examine the structure and function of meiotic chromosomes, telomere dynamics, and nuclear organization in higher plants.

G. W. Bates Professor and Associate Chair for Graduate Studies [Developing Scholar Award]. Received his B.S. in biology from Washington University in 1972 and his Ph.D. in plant physiology from the University of Washington in 1977. He began his career at Florida State in 1982 after doing postdoctoral work at Stanford University and Yale University. Research in Dr. Bates' laboratory centers on plant biotechnology, genetic transformation, and the developmental control of plant gene expression.

D. L.D. Caspar Professor [American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences]. Received his Ph.D. in biophysics from Yale University in 1955. Came to Florida State at the Institute for Molecular Biophysics in 1994 from the Rosenstiel Center, Brandeis University, where he and his colleagues established the first laboratory designated for Structural Biology in 1972. Dr. Caspar's research is focused on virus assembly and protein adaptability, applying methods of X-ray and neutron crystallography, electron microscopy, and biophysical chemistry. Dr. Caspar was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1994.

P. B. Chase Associate Professor. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Southern California in 1984.
His research and professional interests involve the biomechanics of cardiac and skeletal muscle. General research areas include the biophysics of muscle tissue, molecular motor proteins, and calcium regulation of contraction; cellular molecular biomechanics of cardiac and skeletal muscle. He is currently working on the functional consequences of mutations in troponin I that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; molecular and cellular biochemical/biomechanical model of striated muscle-a component of NASA/NSBRI's "digital human."

F. C. Coleman Scholar Scientist. Dr. Coleman received her Ph.D. in 1991 from Florida State University. She is presently Director of the Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Coordinator of the FSU-Mote Marine Laboratory William R. and Lenore Mote Eminent Scholar Chair in Fisheries Ecology, and Director of the Certificate Program in Marine Biology. Her primary research interest is in the population ecology of reef fishes. This interest led her to explore the effects of fishing on the demography of exploited populations, particularly in its effects on spawning aggregations of fish in the grouper family (Serranidae).

W-M. Deng Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. in Developmental Biology in 1997 from the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. His research interests focus on the molecular mechanisms of cell polarization and cell differentiation, using a combination of genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods in Drosophila melanogaster to study the mechanisms by which cell polarity is established and maintained.

D. M. Easton University Service Professor. Received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1947. His research interests include neuromuscular transmission, comparative neurophysiology, and the biophysics of nerve excitation. Dr. Easton originated the suction electrode for nerve recording and the use of garfish olfactory nerves as a subject for the study of nerve-impulse propagation in microaxons. He has been a Fullbright Fellow at Otago University, New Zealand. His current research interests include mathematical modeling, making use of Gompertz kinetics to describe ionic currents in nerve, heartbeat rhythmicity, and the effects of X-irradiation on cell division and survival.

J. S. Elam Professor [University Teaching Award]. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1968 and did postdoctoral work at the University of Michigan. Dr. Elam's research is on the intraneuronal transport of glyco-conjugates of normal and regenerating nerve. His interests center on the possible role of this class of macromolecules in physiological processes including synaptic transmission and facilitation of nerve growth.

W. R. Ellington Professor and Director of the Institute of Molecular Biophysics [Developing Scholar Award]. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Rhode Island in 1976 and did postdoctoral research in biochemistry at Pomona College. Dr. Ellington serves on the editorial boards of the American Journal of Physiology, Journal of Comparative Physiology, and Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. He has served on eight grant advisory panels for the National Science Foundation. He is also Chair of FSU's Council on Research and Creativity. His research efforts focus on the structure, function, and evolution of enzymes. Current studies center on a family of enzymes known as phosphagen (guanidino) kinases that play a central role in energy transactions in muscle cells, neurons, transport epithelia, photoreceptors, and spermatozoa.

L. M. Epstein Associate Professor. Received his M.S. in biology from the University of Illinois in 1979 and his Ph.D. in genetics from Indiana University in 1983. After postdoctoral work at the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Embryology, he joined the faculty at FSU in 1986. The research in his lab focuses on an unusual repetitive DNA transcript from the newt, which catalyzes its own site-specific cleavage. His work addresses a number of interesting questions, including the role of catalytic RNA during the evolution of macromolecular systems, the mechanism of RNA catalysis, and the evolution of the highly repetitive component of the eucaryotic genome.

G. M. Erickson Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. in Integrative Biology from the University of California at Berkeley in 1997. Dr. Erickson was a National Science Foundation postdoctoral scholar hosted by both Stanford and Brown Universities. He joined the Biological Science faculty of FSU during the spring of 2000. He is a comparative evolutionary morphologist with research focusing on the form, function, development, and evolution of the vertebrate skeleton. Both extant and fossil taxa are studied in integrative research that bridges multiple disciplines including paleontology, biomechanical engineering, and comparative developmental and evolutionary biology. Current projects focus on the evolution of vertebrate dwarfism and giantism, the biomechanical changes that have facilitated transitions to land by fish and tetrapods, growth rates in dinosaurs, and the role mechanical material properties have played in vertebrate diversification.

D. A. Fadool Assistant Professor. Received her M.S. in zoology and chemistry from the University of Rhode Island in 1989, and her Ph.D. in zoology from Whitney Laboratory of the University of Florida in 1993 and did postdoctoral work in biochemistry at Brandeis University. Dr. Fadool served for three years on the faculty of Auburn University before coming to Florida State in 1999. Her research is focused on chemical senses. She uses electrophysiology combined with molecular techniques to study the structure and function of ion channels, modulation of ion-channel activity by phosphorylation, and signal transduction cascades involved in encoding general and specialized (pheromone) odorants. This research contributes to the understanding of electrical signaling in the brain and nervous system.

J. M. Fadool Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. in Zoology from Michigan State University in 1992. He did postdoctoral research at the Whitney Marine Laboratory of the University of Florida and later was a NIH postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University. Dr. Fadool was appointed to the faculty at FSU in 1999. His research interests are in cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the development and degenerative diseases of the visual system and in the development of novel transgenic technologies for identification of transcriptionally active regions of the genome using the zebrafish as a model organism.

P. G. Fajer Professor and Director of the Graduate Program in Molecular Biophysics [University Teaching Award and Developing Scholar Award]. Received his Ph.D. in biophysics from the Leeds University (England) in 1983. He did postdoctoral research at the University of Minnesota, where he joined the faculty as a Research Professor in 1987. Dr. Fajer was appointed to the Florida State faculty in 1990. His research interest is in muscle biology and biochemistry, what makes muscle contract, and how muscle knows when to contract.

M. E. Freeman Professor [Fellow of the American Association of Advancement of Science, Distinguished Research Professor, Developing Scholar Award]. Received his Ph.D. from West Virginia University in 1970 and did postdoctoral work at Emory University. Two major research projects are ongoing in Dr. Freeman's laboratory. Each involves the determination of the way a particular area of the brain, the hypothalamus, controls the secretion of reproductive hormones from the pituitary gland of female mammals. One project involves the control of luteinizing-hormone secretion from the pituitary gland; the other involves a description of the way the brain controls the release of prolactin. Both projects have used in vivo and in vitro approaches. Dr. Freeman has served as an editor of the journal Endocrinology and as a member of the Biochemical Endocrinology study section of the NIH.

B. J. Gaffney Professor. Received her Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1966. Her research interests include the structure and function of the lipoxygenases, cellular fatty acid diversity, multifrequency EPR of nonheme iron proteins (phenylalanine hydroxylase, transferrin, lipoxygenases), computer simulation of metallo-EPR spectra, and cellular selectivity for metals.

D. E. Granger Associate in Biological Science and Director, Office of Science Teaching Activities. Received her Ph.D. from FSU in 1987 (Program in Neuroscience). Her professional interests include academic programs in science, at both the undergraduate and K-12 levels, and contemporary issues in the education of scientists and science teachers. She is director of the Secondary Science and/or Mathematics Teaching program in the College of Arts & Sciences. This program offers a baccalaureate degree and can be a primary or secondary major for students interested in a science-teaching career.

T. F. Hansen Assistant Professor. Dr. Hansen received his Ph.D. from the University of Oslo in 1997. His major research interests are in theoretical evolutionary biology using mathematical and statistical modeling tools. He currently studies the interface between evolutionary genetics and trait adaptations. He is interested in the extent to which the observed genetic variation of a character is available to build adaptations and the extent to which it is constrained by conflicting selection pressures and pleiotropic interactions with other characters, the properties of new mutations and how they affect adaptation, how the effects of genes and mutations depend on the genetic background, the relationships between mutational properties and genetic architecture, how the variational properties of organisms evolve, and what makes a character evolvable and how evolvability evolves.

P. C. Hayward Associate Vice-President for Academic Support. Received her Ph.D. from FSU in 1985. Dr. Hayward was Coordinator for Introductory Biology beginning in 1972. She was also the Director of the Office of Science Teaching Activities from 1983 until 1992, when she became Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. In 1995 she moved to her present position in the Office of the Provost.

W. F. Herrnkind Professor [President's Continuing Education Award]. Received his Ph.D. in marine biology from the University of Miami in 1968. He is interested in behavioral ecology of marine animals. Field experiments using scientific diving and telemetry, combined with laboratory analyses, are used to study the migration and ecology of the spiny lobster. Past research on lobster migrations has been the subject of specials by National Geographic and Jacques Cousteau. Since coming to FSU in 1967, he has led shipboard and manned undersea habitat research missions, directed the FSU Marine Laboratory, and advised agencies managing lobster fisheries. His students have published on such topics as hermit-crab shell acquisition, horseshoe-crab breeding and migrations, and endocrine and environmental control of lobster reproduction.

D. Houle Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. in 1988 from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. His primary area of research is the mutation-selection balance hypothesis for the maintenance of genetic variation. His other projects are studies of the constraints on life-history evolution, the genetic basis of marker-associated heterosis, and the maintenance of sexual reproduction in a varying environment.

T. A. Houpt Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1991. His work involves the use of conditioned taste aversion to explore the molecular, neurological, and behavioral aspects of learning and memory.

B. D. Inouye Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. from Duke University in 1998. The major goals of his research are to elucidate the roles of spatial and temporal variation in population and community ecology and to link theoretical and empirical approaches. Making connections between theory and data requires a mathematical background, knowledge of experimental design and statistical analysis, and an understanding of natural history. His current projects include studies of (1) the effects of spatial variation in host-parasitoid interactions, using models and field-work with an agricultural pest (Lygus hesperus) and its specialist egg-parasitoid (Anaphes iole); (2) the community ecology of cynipid gall-wasps on oak trees and their parasitoids; and (3) the role of edaphic spatial variation in patterns of plant and insect biodiversity at four nested spatial scales, from 1 m up to several kilometers, in the central coast range of California.

L. R. Keller Associate Professor. Received her Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1980. After post- doctoral training at Yale University, she came to FSU in 1986. The research focus of her lab is regulation and coordination of flagellar protein gene expression in the eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas. Her specific research interests include determining DNA sequences that control expression of several flagellar genes, identifying protein factors that interact with these DNA regulatory sequences, and delineating the calcium-dependent signal transduction pathway leading to changes in flagellar gene induction using molecular and genetic approaches.

T. C. S. Keller III Associate Professor. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1981 and did postdoctoral work at Yale University. He investigates structure and function relationships in cytoskeletons. Dr. Keller's lab is currently using biochemical and molecular-biology techniques to investigate the actin-based cytoskeleton of the intestinal epithelial cell brush borders and human blood platelets. These studies should contribute to a greater understanding of the multiple roles of the cytoskeleton in nonmuscle cells.

C. C. Koenig Scholar/Scientist. Dr. Koenig received his Ph.D. in 1975 from Florida State University. His major research interests are in the field of marine ecology and specifically concern the effects of fishing on the demographics of groupers and snappers and the habitats that support them. He is presently engaged in the characterization and mapping of shelf-edge grouper spawning habitat on the west Florida shelf and the restoration of the deep-water Oculina coral banks off the central east coast of Florida. He is on the Board of Directors of the Institute for Fishery Resource Ecology (IFRE) and the Diving Control Board of the Academic Scientific Diving Program (ASDP).

D. R. Levitan Associate Professor [Developing Scholar Award]. Received his Ph.D. in 1989 from the University of Delaware and did postdoctoral research at the University of Alberta and the University of California, Davis. His research interests include the population biology and life- history evolution of marine organisms. Ongoing research projects include the ecology and evolution of reproductive strategies in sea urchins, mating success of coral-reef fish, and the population biology of clonal invertebrates.

R. J. Livingston Professor and Director of the Center for Aquatic Research and Resource Management. Earned his undergraduate degree from Princeton University in 1959 and his M.S. (1967) and Ph.D. (1970) degrees from the Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies of the University of Miami. His interests include aquatic ecology, pollution biology, field and laboratory experimentation, and ecosystem-level research in freshwater, estuarine, and marine systems. His students have carried out research in behavioral and physiological ecology with individual aquatic populations and communities. A sophisticated computer system has been developed to analyze his long-term (18-year) databases. The final analysis, modeling, and publication of the data are currently part of the ongoing activities of the center.

A. S. Lumsden Assistant in Research. Received her Ph.D. from FSU in 1989. Dr. Lumsden teaches in the nonmajor biology program at Florida State and coordinates the Liberal Studies Biology courses. She also directs the annual teaching/learning workshop for new graduate students in the department. Dr. Lumsden is presently on the Executive Board of the National Association of Biology Teachers; she serves on the Boards of the National Association of Science Teachers, Society of College Science Teachers, and of the Association of Biology Laboratory Educators. Her interests center on the improvement of undergraduate teaching in the biological sciences.

A. Mast Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. in 2000 from the Department of Botany at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His research focuses on the ecological diversification in the Australian genus Banksia, morphological and anatomical shifts in the evolution of buzz pollination in Dodecatheon, and null models in biogeography.

M. Meredith Professor and Co-director, Program in Neuroscience [Developing Scholar Award]. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1974. He conducted postdoctoral study at Rockefeller University and the Foundation for Experimental Biology. His research studies are on chemical sensory systems. His laboratory studies three sensory systems using electrophysiological, anatomical, and behavioral methods: (1) the olfactory system, especially the patterns of neural activity in the brain that result from odor stimulation, as measured by electrical recordings and compared with the predictions of a computer model of the neural circuits involved; (2) the vomeronasal chemosensory system, especially its influence on mating in male hamsters as a result of hormonal and behavioral changes induced by chemical signals; and (3) the nervus terminalis, a nerve that exists in humans but is particularly prominent in sharks and rays in which he investigates the neural circuits and interactions with the olfactory system.

T. E. Miller Associate Professor. Received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University in 1985. After postdoctoral research at the University of East Anglia, England, and the University of Chicago, he came to FSU in 1989. Dr. Miller's research interests include general community ecology and plant evolutionary biology. Current projects include quantifying evolution of plants in different types of competitive situations; attempting to understand the relative importance of competition, herbivory, and disturbance in determining community composition on barrier islands; and the maintenance of community patterns in the invertebrate communities living in pitcher plants.

T. S. Moerland Professor and Associate Dean College of Arts and Sciences [University Teaching Award, Developing Scholar Award]. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Maine in 1984. He joined the faculty at FSU after conducting postdoctoral research at the Harvard Medical School. Dr. Moerland's research interests are in the energetics of muscular contraction and NMR spectroscopy of muscle and in biochemical and physiological mechanisms of temperature adaptation. His current research efforts concentrate on adaptation of muscle with regard to both contractile performance and energy metabolism and on the regulation of adaptive responses. Specific projects include biochemical and physiological adaptations to temperature in the muscle of poikilothermic vertebrates and the responses of muscle to long-term diabetes.

W. H. Outlaw Jr. Professor [University Teaching Award]. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Georgia in 1974. He conducted postdoctoral studies in the Biochemistry Department at Michigan State University and was a Research Instructor at the Washington University School of Medicine. Subsequently, Dr. Outlaw was on the faculty in the Biology Department at Washington University and conducted research at the C. F. Kettering Institute and at Erasmus University. Dr. Outlaw joined FSU's faculty in 1980. He has been a U.S. Senior Scientist at Munich Technical University and at the University of Tübingen, and a Visiting Scientist at Beijing Agricultural University. He has held a joint appointment with the University of Florida. Currently, work in his laboratory is directed toward posttranslational regulation of a key enzyme in guard cells, a new mechanism of stomatal aperture-size regulation, and molecular responses of guard cells to a stress hormone, abscisic acid.

D. M. Quadagno Professor [University Teaching Award]. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1969 and did postdoctoral research at the Brain Research Institute at the UCLA Medical School. Later, he conducted research at Cambridge University in the area of reproductive biology. Dr. Quadagno's main research interests are in the areas of behavioral neuroendocrinology, and current studies include investigations of women at risk for HIV infection in south Florida and psychoneuroendocrine agents of violent behavior.

R. H. Reeves Associate Professor and Associate Chairman for Undergraduate Studies [Ross Oglesby Service Award, University Teaching Award]. Dr. Reeves first came to FSU in 1971 as an Assistant Professor of Chemistry (Biochemistry) and has both a B.A. (University of California) and a Ph.D. (1969; New York University) in biochemistry. He has received several NIH and NSF grants, including a NIH Career Development Award. His current interests are bacterial phylogenetics and the structure of ribosomal RNA gene clusters in bacteria.

T. M. Roberts Professor and Chairman, Department of Biological Science [University Teaching Award]. Received his B.A. from Lafayette College, his M.A. from Boston University, and his Ph.D. from the University of Notre Dame (1976). He completed postdoctoral fellowships at Harvard and at the Carnegie Institution of Washington before joining the FSU faculty in 1981. He has published a number of papers on the roles of the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton in amoeboid locomotion and is currently investigating a new type of biological motor found in the amoeboid sperm of nematodes.

K. H. Roux Professor and Director of the Hybridoma and Molecular Biology Facilities. Received his Ph.D. from Tulane University (1971) and engaged in postdoctoral studies at the University of Illinois Medical Center. Since 1978, Dr. Roux has been teaching Immunology and conducting research on the biochemistry and molecular genetics of the antibody molecule at FSU. A related line of research involves the use of immunoelectron microscopy to study the structure and function of antibodies, HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120, and other macromolecules of immunological interest.

S. J. Steppan Assistant Professor. Received his Ph.D. in 1995 from the University of Chicago. He held postdoctoral fellowships in both the Mammal Division and the Laboratory of Molecular Systematics of the Smithsonian Institution. His research revolves around systematics and evolutionary biology, predominantly from species-level phenomena to macroevolution. His current projects include molecular and morphological phylogenetic studies of the squirrel family and South American mice, comparative analyses of multivariate evolution, and the extrapolation of developmental or genetic constraints to understanding macroevolutionary patterns.

D. L. Swofford Professor. Dr. Swofford received his Ph.D. in Genetics in 1986 from the University of Illinois. His major research interests are in the theory and methodology of phylogenetic inference from molecular and morphological data, comparison of optimality criteria used to evaluate evolutionary trees, methods of combining molecular and morphological data using maximum likelihood, and assessing robustness of maximum-likelihood methods to model variation.

K. A. Taylor Professor. Received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1995. He spent four years doing postdoctoral research at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. He joined the faculty at FSU in 1995. His research involves the 3-D structural analysis of muscle and muscle proteins using high-resolution electron crystallography of 2-D protein arrays, 3-D imaging of single-protein molecules and protein assemblies, and electron tomography of whole muscle rapidly frozen at intermediate stages of contraction.

J. Travis Professor [Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor, University Teaching Award, and Developing Scholar Award]. Received his Ph.D. from Duke University in 1980. His research is in ecological genetics and the study of how selection molds the phenotypic and genetic variation within and among populations of a species. Most of his work has focused on how life history traits in fish and amphibians are molded by predation, intraspecific competition, and abiotic stress. Most recently, he has begun to investigate whether different regimes of population regulation can produce and maintain genetically divergent life histories in a freshwater fish.

P. Q. Trombley Associate Professor. Received his Ph.D. from the University of Oregon in 1990. Following postdoctoral and faculty research at Yale University School of Medicine, he joined the FSU faculty in1995. Dr. Trombley's long-term research goals are to understand the mechanisms underlying synaptic transmission and its modulation. His work focuses on synaptic circuits that use glutamate, GABA, and glycine amino acids which dominate synaptic transmission throughout the central nervous system. Neuronal pathways that use these transmitters not only are critical for the normal function of the brain, such as for learning and memory, but also are affected by many neuropathological processes such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. The regions of the nervous system studied in Dr. Trombley's lab include the olfactory system, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The methods include primary neuronal culture and patch-clamp electrophysiology.

W. R. Tschinkel Professor [University Teaching Award]. Received his M.S. and Ph.D. (1968) from the University of California, Berkeley, and did postdoctoral research at Cornell University and Rhodes University (South Africa). Dr. Tschinkel's research interests are in the social biology of ants, especially fire ants. Currently, he is working on the founding, development, and population dynamics of fire-ant colonies, including the allocation of labor and resources during colony growth. In addition, he conducts ongoing research on the biology of the arboreal ant Crematogaster ashmeadi and the ant community to which it belongs. Other recent projects have included the ontogeny of worker polymorphism, control of queen fertility, efficiency of sperm use, desiccation resistance, ecological range, colony temperature regulation, investment in sexuals, foodsharing, larvalfeeding and broodraiding.

N. Underwood Assistant Professor. Received her Ph.D. in 1997 from Duke University. Dr. Underwood's research interests are in the ecology and evolution of plant-insect interactions, with her primary focus on how genotypic and phenotypic variation among individuals affects the long-term spatial and temporal dynamics of populations.

A. A. Winn Associate Professor. Received her Ph.D. in 1984 from Michigan State University and did postdoctoral research at the University of Chicago. Her research interests fall within the areas of plant population biology and evolutionary ecology. Current research projects include investigation of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of phenotypic plasticity, measurement of natural selection and genetic variation in plant populations, and the ecology and genetics of marine angiosperms.

J. L. Wulff Assistant Professor. Received her Ph.D. in 1986 from Yale University. Her research interests are studying the roles of predators, physical disturbance, and competition in shaping sponge faunas.