(Here you will find answer keys for homework
or quizzes as well as unedited responses on exams from your classmates)
QUIZ
1
1. The Na/K ATPase pump is an example
of how molecules are transferred across the phospholipid bilayer by the process
of
a. simple diffusion
b. facilitated transport
c. secondary active transport
d. primary active transport
ANSWER: d.
2. If you placed one of your cheek
cells (given: The ICF = 120 mM NaCl ) in a solution of
300 mM glucose, and you assume neither compound could permeate the PL bilayer,
through the process of osmosis your cell would
a. crenate
b. lyse
c. be happy as a clam (normal cell volume)
d. cannot
determine by the provided information
ANSWER: a.
3. The Na/K ATPase pump uses a
method called __________________
__________________
or successive phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles to change its
configuration and pump ions against their concentration gradients.
ANSWER: Molecular Peristalsis
4. T or F (please circle)
If a cell has an electrical disturbance of at least 25 mV, it will always
fire an action potential because of the ALL-or-NONE principle.
ANSWER: F
5. Which of the following
physiological processes requires no ATP expenditure?
a. endocytosis
b. exocytosis
c. osmosis
d. facilitated diffusion
e. two of the above
ANSWER: e.
6. Which of the following organic molecules
would be classified as a protein?
a. molecules that are formed from
dehydration reactions
b. molecules that contain free fatty acids
c. molecules that are produced from
peptide bond formations
d. steroids
e. DNA
f. glycogen
g. ketone bodies
ANSWER: c.
7. If a cell had the following
ionic concentrations and permeabilities, about at what voltage would you
predict an action potential would change polarity (peak of the action potential
spike)?
HINT: You can decide whether to use Nernst or Goldman.
PK = 10
PNa = 10,000
Assume mammalian temperature of 37 degrees.
[K+]o = 40 mM
[K+]i = 365 mM
[Na+]o = 410 mM
[Na+]i = 55 mM
Please show all calculations. Answer:
______________________________
Ena = 60/+1 log [(410)/(55)] = 52.345 mV = 52 mV
8. If the resting potential of the
cell in #7 was -85 mV, at what voltage would this action potential begin to
fire fully? HINT: Threshold.
Absolute value of -85 mV + 52 mV = 137 mV * 0.15 = 20.55 mV, 21 mV
-85 + 21 = -64 mV is the Threshold voltage at which the AP will fire
fully.
Please show all calculations. Answer:
_________________________________
9. Write one sentence describing
the importance of the phospholipid bilayer for the physiologist =
ANSWER: Many importances that you
can list!!!
10. T or F (please circle)
According to Fick’s Law of Diffusion, the diffusion rate or flux is
greatest when the molecule to be transported has a high molecular weight and has to traverse a large cross sectional
area.
ANSWER: F
11. If an action potential (AP)
reaches threshold, where in the neuron will the AP “spike” be initiated?
a. the dendrite
b. the soma
c. the axon hillock
d. the
synaptic terminals
e. the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
ANSWER: c.
ANSWER KEY TO the First Hour Exam:
1a
2c
3a
4c
5e
6e
7d
8e
9b
10c
11a
12d
13b
14b
15c
16d
17c
18d
19c
20a
21c
22b
23c
24c
25e
26a
27d
28e
29c
30a
31d
32c
33d
34b
35d
36b
37c
38c
39a
40d
41a
42a
43a
44b
45a
46b
47a
48b
49b
50a
QUIZ
2
1. Which of the
following types of muscles are striated and involuntary?
a.
skeletal
b.
cardiac
c.
smooth
d.
b and c
e.
a and b
f.
none of the above
ANSWER: b.
2. A single muscle CELL is known as
a.
a sarcomere
b.
a myofibril
c.
one
actin and one
myosin filament
d.
a
motor unit
e.
a
muscle fiber
ANSWER:
e.
3. Action potentials move perpendicular to the muscle fibers by entering the transverse tubules that are located
where along the sarcomere?
a.
A
band
b.
Z
band
c.
M band
d.
I band
e.
Z and I bands
f.
A
and I bands
ANSWER: f. (e. on your key!)
4. Which of the following “contractile proteins” functions to block the thick filament
from accessing a binding site to form a cross bridge but does not
physically bind calcium?
a.
actin
b.
troponin
c.
tropomysin
d.
tropoactin
e.
myosin
ANSWER: c.
5. In relation
to skeletal muscle
mechanics, during which
phase of the twitch would calsequestrin
have its highest activity?
a.
latency period
b.
contraction
c.
relaxation
d.
summation
e.
tetany
ANSWER: c.
6. T
or F (please circle)
The white
matter is responsible for integrating reflex
activity using polysynaptic and monosynaptic connections of afferent and efferent neurons,
respectively.
ANSWER: F
7. Which of the following does not mediate
or assist in smooth muscle
contraction of your arteries?
a.
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
b.
dense bodies
c.
troponin
d.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
e.
ALL
are helpful in smooth
muscle contraction
ANSWER: c.
8. During a skeletal muscle contraction, the length of the sarcomere
shortens due to a decrease in size of ALL but which band?
a.
A
band
b.
Z
band
c.
H
band
d.
I band
e.
All of
the above will shorten
ANSWER: a.
9. If the cross bridge cycle was in a stage where there was no calcium, the orientation of the
myosin head was at 90 degrees in relation to the tail of the molecule, and
there was ATP available, then the muscle would be in which stage of
contraction?
a.
the
actin and myosin would be touching each other
b.
it would be in the power stroke
c.
actin and myosin
would be detached and
ATP would undergo hydrolysis
d.
it
would be in a rigor mortis
locked complex
ANSWER: c.
10. Which of the
following activities is performed principally by the
somatic nervous system?
a.
beating of your heart
b.
bowel movements
c.
running up the stairs
d.
swallowing
e.
breathing
ANSWER: c.
11. Which portion of the spinal
column has emerging
spinal nerves that would innervate the chest region?
a.
thoracic
b.
lumbar
c.
cervical
d.
pelvic
e.
dorsal root ganglion
ANSWER: a.
Cardiac Practice Worksheet:
1. T or F (please circle) The Law of LaPlace states that the stress on a vessel will decrease when the width of the smooth muscle running circumferentially around the blood vessel increases.
ANSWER: T
2. Which of the following type of muscle is neurogenic and has economical cross-bridge cycling due to phosphorylation of the myosin tail?
a. pacemaker activity
b. slow wave potentials
c. single-unit smooth
d. multi-unit smooth
ANSWER: d.
3. If blood was entering your RV too slowly, it would be attributed to a defect in which valve?
a. tricuspid
b. bicuspid
c. mitral
d. pulmonary semilunar
e. aortic semilunar
ANSWER: a.
4. When blood moves from the left atria to the left ventricle
a. it passed through the pulmonary semilunar
b. the timing would be in register with the T wave
c. the blood would be deoxygenated
d. one
would hear the S1 on the phonocardiogram
ANSWER: b.
5. What is stimulated to contract by an increase in oxygen that is taken in at the babys first breath and is only seen as a remnant or ligament in the adult?
________________ ___________________
ANSWER: ductus arteriosis
6. T or F (please circle)
Veins carry the greatest distribution of circulating blood flow.
ANSWER: T
7. Smooth muscle uses which structure for contraction because it lacks sacromeres and Z lines?
a. intermediate filaments
b. dense bodies
c. myofibrils
d. troponin-Ca complex
e. phosphorylation of actin globules
ANSWER: b.
8. Which of the following exemplifies cardiac muscle?
a. it lacks troponin
b. it lacks T-tubules
c. it is unstriated
d. it is neurogenic not myogenic
e. it
uses both pools of calcium (from SR and ECF)
ANSWER: e.
9. If a physician was trying to hear the closure of the pulmonary semilunar they would
a. be seeking an event that is aligned with the timing of the QRS spectrum
b. be positioning the stethoscope at the left of the heart apex
c. be seeking an event that occurs at the same time as the T wave
d. be seeking an event that occurs when the atria repolarize
e. find that the RV would be in systole
ANSWER: c.
10. If you measured your heart beat five times in six seconds, then you would be
a. normal
b. tachycardic
c. bradycardic
d. undergoing atrial flutter
e. susceptible to first degree AV block
ANSWER: c.
11. Dr. D and a student, who will remain nameless, bump into each other at the Ocala Publix health monitoring machine early Sunday morning. Dr. D ran there from her lab on campus (to practice for her hike in the Grand Canyon, of course!) while the student had just crawled out of bed, and just really wanted to get some breakfast, but then remembered the assignment. Compute the difference in cardiac output between the two. Assume they both have a 70 ml volume coming out of their LV with every beat. Show all your work.
Dr. D. = 120 bpm
student = 65 bpm
___________________________
CO of Dr. D. = 120 beats/min x 70 ml/beat = 8400 ml/min or 8.4 L/min
CO of student = 65 beats/min x 70 ml/beat = 4550 ml/min or 4.6 L/min
Difference in CO = the delta or 8.4 – 4.6 = 3.8 L/min
12. From your bp reading that you took over last weekend -
What is your bp reading? _____________ Using that value, what is your pulse pressure or PP? ____________________ mm Hg
Using your computed PP, what is your mean arterial pressure or map? _____________ mm Hg
(Show all your calculations here - )
I will use 140/90, which is the clinical level for
hypertension.
PP = 140 – 90 = 50 mm Hg
MAP = 90 + 1/3 (50) = 107 mm Hg
ANSWER KEY TO the Second Hour Exam:
1b
2d
3b
4c
5b
6d
7e
8e
9b
10e
11c
12b
13b
14c
15c
16e
17c
18c
19c
20c
21c
22e
23c
24c
25c
26a
27c
28d
29b
30e
31b
32a
33e
34b
35d
36b
37d
38e
39a
40d
41a
42a
43a
44b
45a
46a
47a
48a
49b
50a