Bezanilla, F. (2000). "The Voltage Sensor in Voltage-Dependent Ion Channels." Physiological Reviews 80(2): 555.
	Describes the theoretical basis of the energy coupling between the electric field and the voltage present in a particular model.  Targets the accepted theory of the charged S4 segment responding to a shift in the transmembrane potential, thereby altering the conformation of the channel. 

Bezanilla, F. and E. Perozo (2003). "The voltage sensor and the gate in ion channels." Adv Protein Chem 63: 211.
	Describes updated and current models of the voltage sensor of the voltage-gated ion channel and the gating mechanism.  Very relevant information to the electrodynamic gating of the pore, and charge alignment of the voltage sensor according to transmembrane potential.

Chang, C.-C., S. Acharfi, et al. (2004). "A novel SCN5A mutation manifests as a malignant form of long QT syndrome with perinatal onset of tachycardia/bradycardia." Cardiovascular Research 64(2): 268.
	Examination of a Nav1.5 sodium channel mutant present in an individual with Long QT syndrome.  Biophysical and pharmacological analyses are used to understand the pathology associated with the mutation in vivo.  The mutant is created by site-directed mutagenesis, and a heterologous expression system is used to express the mutant.  Several other mutations to the Nav1.5 sodium channel are made, and data are compared between mutants to identify if a single amino acid mutation at codon 1763 could be responsible for Long QT Syndrome.  

Clay, J. R. (2005). "Axonal excitability revisited." Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 88(1): 59.
	Re-visitation of the Hodgkin-Huxley model of the squid giant axon, and the recent changes and attenuations that have been made.  Current-voltage relationships for the Ik and the INa are described, as well as modifications of fundamental concepts that provide the basis for the classical view of the action potential

Waxman, S. G., M. J. Craner, et al. (2004). "Na+ channel expression along axons in multiple sclerosis and its models." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 25(11): 584.
	Describes two voltage-gated sodium channels and their involvement in demyelinated axons caused by multiple sclerosis.  Focuses on the colocalization of Nav1.6 and a sodium/calcium exchanger, as well as beta-amyloid proteins.  

Wu, Z.-Z. and H.-L. Pan (2004). "Tetrodotoxin-sensitive and -resistant Na+ channel currents in subsets of small sensory neurons of rats." Brain Research 1029(2): 251.
	Isolectin B4 positive and negative neurons show a dimorphism in sensitivity to tetrodotoxin.  IB4 positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglion of rats showed marked reduction of sensitivity to tetrodotoxin.  There is also a difference in the expression levels of the tetrodotoxin sensitive and insensitive channel populations in the plasma membrane. 

Zhao, Y., V. Yarov-Yarovoy, et al. (2004). "A Gating Hinge in Na+ Channels: A Molecular Switch for Electrical Signaling." Neuron 41(6): 859.
	A single amino acid mutation can drastically alter the biophysical properties of an ion channel.  A glycine to proline mutation in the S6 transmembrane domain of a bacterial sodium channel significantly enhances channel activation, slows channel deactivation, and adapts the resting state conformation of the channel similarly to the activated conformation.  Other amino acid substitutions by site-directed mutagenesis produce significant effects, but none as marked as the G219P single mutation.  

http://distance.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/nervssys/unit11/unit111.htm.
	Very thorough overview of neuronal excitability, ion channels, the action potential, channels gating, saltatory conduction, and many other fundamentals of excitable membranes.  

http://focosi.altervista.org/stpion.html#Ca2+%20channel.
	Overview of the types of ion channels in excitable membranes, classification, and blockers, agonists, and antagonists for each sub-family of channel/receptor.  

http://opal.msu.montana.edu/cftr/ion_channel_glossary.htm.
	Website containing the definitions of the most fundamental terms and concepts in ion channel biophysics and electrophysiology.  

http://retina.anatomy.upenn.edu/~lance/modelmath/hodgkin_huxley.html.
	Overview of the Hodgkin-Huxley Model, mathematical derivation, Na+ channel gating and inactivation kinetics.  All variables, constants, and symbols of equations are clearly defined and relatively easy to understand as presented here.  

http://senselab.med.yale.edu/senselab/NeuronDB/channelGene2.htm.
	Very thorough overview of the types of ion channels in excitable membranes.  Nomenclature, classification, and some properties of each channels are discussed.  

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/D/Diffusion.html#Mechanically-gated_ion_channels.
	Website containing information about ligand, voltage, and mechanically gated ion channels, as well as the patch-clamp technique and membrane transport mechanisms.  

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/compneur-srv/LGICdb/LGICdb.php.
	The Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Database.  Information about the major classes of ligand-gated ion channels, and extensive information about the superfamily and subfamily of each subtype.  The database can be searched by the ligand that binds the channel, the cation/anion that the channel allows, or a number of other methods.  

http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/mother/chan.html.
	Overview of the basic structure of sodium channels, both ligand and voltage-gated.  Contains much information about ion channels in general, along with basic information about some of the channel/receptor ligands and function.  

http://www.whatislife.com/reader2/membrane_bioelectricity.htm.
	Overview of the bioelectricity of cell membranes, and how ion channels contribute to the transmembrane potential.  Channel kinetics, inactivation, action potential propagation, membrane currents, and many other topics are visited to gain an understanding of how membranes become excitable.  

http://www.whatislife.com/reader/channels/channels.html.
	Overview of the structure of ion channels, specifically voltage and ligand-gated channels.  Provides a basic understanding of how structures are obtained, comprehension of the classical representation of alpha helices and ribbon diagrams.  Inclusion of hydrophobicity plots and X-ray crystallography.